What is a contraindication?

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A contraindication is a factor that makes using a medicine unsafe for a person because the risks outweigh the benefits in that situation. It’s a reason not to give the drug, grounded in safety rather than effectiveness. Some contraindications are absolute—for example, a severe allergy to the drug means it should never be used. Others are relative and require caution, such as pregnancy with a drug that could harm the fetus, or kidney or liver impairment that could lead to dangerous levels of the medication. This concept is distinct from a minor side effect, which is an unwanted effect that might occur during treatment but doesn’t by itself stop therapy. It’s also separate from an approved indication, which is the specific condition the drug is intended to treat. Drug interactions can influence safety, but not every interaction is a contraindication; some require monitoring or dose adjustments, while others may still be used with precautions.